【Essential Oil Science】Research on essential oils for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases

May 19, 2021

【Essential Oil Science】Research on Essential Oils for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a type of disease related to the circulatory system, also known as circulatory system disease. In the past ten years, the number of deaths from cardiovascular diseases worldwide has increased by 12.5%, and CVD has now become the leading cause of human deaths worldwide. Recent studies have found that oxidative stress is an important pathological mechanism of CVD. When cells are under pathological conditions, cell hypoxia, ischemia-reperfusion and other reasons cause excessive free radical production in the body, which cannot be cleared in time and accumulate, breaking the body’s oxidation. -The balance of antioxidant capacity increases the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the blood, leading to excessive accumulation of oxidative substances in cells, developing into a state of oxidative stress, causing damage to endothelial cells, and causing various cardiovascular diseases The occurrence and development of the disease.

At present, CVD is treated clinically by antiplatelet therapy, anticoagulation, lipid-lowering and stabilizing plaques [4]. However, CVD is a complex disease, and there are complementary pathways that are prone to resistance to the body. Therefore, it is necessary to find drugs with low toxicity, low drug resistance, high efficacy and mild action.
Volatile oil, also known as essential oil, is widely found in Chinese medicinal materials. It is a general term for a class of volatile oily droplets that can be distilled with steam and immiscible with water. It is an important active ingredient of Chinese medicine. Modern pharmacological studies have found that volatile oil has many pharmacological effects such as antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, regulating cardiovascular activity, regulating digestive system activity, and regulating central nervous system activity. At present, the volatile oils of traditional Chinese medicines such as Yanshanjiang, Galangal and Panax notoginseng ginger for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis are the hot spots of clinical research, while the volatile oils such as Angelica and Chuanxiong are still in the experimental research stage, and there is no public clinical trial report. The research progress is summarized as follows.

Yanshan Ginger

Alpinia zerumbet Pers.Burtt.et Smith is the dried and mature fruit of Alpinia zerumbet Pers.Burtt.et Smith. Volatile oil is its main active ingredient. It has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-myocardial ischemia and other pharmacological effects to protect the cardiovascular system. In recent years, studies have found the effect of EOFAZ on atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease and other cardiovascular diseases. It's becoming more and more obvious.

Zhao Shuang et al. used high glucose to induce endothelial-mesenchymal differentiation and oxidative stress injury models of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). After EOFAZ intervention, the expression level of CD31 protein induced by high glucose was significantly increased and the level of vimentin protein was down-regulated, and the cells were reduced. Migration ability, while reducing the level of ROS and MDA, and increasing the level of CAT and SOD. It shows that EOFAZ can ameliorate the oxidative stress damage of vascular endothelial cells induced by HG, thereby inhibiting endothelial-mesenchymal differentiation. Yun-peng Ji et al. studied LPS-induced vascular endothelial cell and mouse injury models in vivo and in vitro, and found that LPS can increase IKK phosphorylation, reduce I-κB protein levels, and promote NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. And increase the expression of ICAM and VCAM in vascular endothelial cells exposed to LPS and aortic tissue isolated from mice. EOFAZ can inhibit the apoptosis and inflammation of these endothelial cells induced by LPS through NF-κB signal transduction.

Galangal

Alpinia Officinaruim Hance (Alpinia Officinaruim Hance), also known as Alpinia officinaruim Hance, is the dry rhizome of Alpinia officinaruim. Alpinia officinaruim is the dry rhizome of Alpinia officinaruim. The content of volatile oil in Alpinia officinaruim is relatively high. It contains a large amount of 1,8-cineole, 4- Terpineol, 13 kinds of monoterpenes, terpinene, α-terpinene, γ-terpinene and trans-caryophyllene, these substances help its efficacy, including anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, and anti-hypertensive Oxidation and prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Yan Chen et al. discussed the protective effect of galangal volatile oil on the apoptosis of HAECs. Under the action of oxidized low-density lipoprotein, HAECs showed typical apoptotic characteristics. Volatile oil can improve these morphological changes and improve cell health. vitality. It reveals that galangal volatile oil has a protective effect on endothelial cell damage and its clinical application value in atherosclerosis. Niwen Huang et al. established an in vitro endothelial cell injury model induced by high glucose and found that galangal volatile oil can significantly reduce the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-8, and inhibit ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 induced by high glucose. The expression of it shows that it has a protective effect on endothelial dysfunction and inflammation induced by high glucose.

Angelica

The traditional Chinese medicine Angelica is the dry root of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, which is sweet, pungent and warm in nature. It has a variety of pharmacological activities, including protecting the heart, anti-arrhythmia, anti-atherosclerosis and preventing myocardial infarction. Qu Qiang et al. studied the effect of angelica volatile oil on the morphology of liver tissue in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and the expression of liver lipid metabolism-related genes (Tnfaip8l2, Ahsg), indicating that angelica volatile oil has a protective effect on liver tissue and can Lowering the blood pressure of SHR has a regulatory effect on SHR blood lipids, suggesting that it may reduce blood pressure by up-regulating the expression of Tnfaip8l2 and Ahsg genes, inhibiting atherosclerosis, and affecting lipid metabolism.

Zhu Lijuan and others used sodium dithionite to establish an ischemia-hypoxic-reperfusion cell injury model and then administered angelica volatile oil. They found that the cell survival rate was significantly improved, the leakage of LDH was reduced, the content of MDA was reduced, and the activity of SOD was increased in a dose-dependent manner. It is suggested that angelica volatile oil can improve the permeability of cell membranes, increase the activity of cell antioxidant enzymes, reduce cell lipid peroxidation, protect cells from free radical attack, and reduce cell ischemic reperfusion injury.

Chuanxiong

The traditional Chinese medicine Ligusticum chuanxiong is the dried rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., a perennial herb of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. It is warm in nature and pungent in taste. It has pharmacological effects such as anti-myocardial ischemia, inhibition of platelet aggregation and anti-thrombosis. Ligusticum chuanxiong volatile oil is recognized as an important medicinal substance in Ligusticum chuanxiong that can promote blood circulation, remove blood stasis, promote qi and relieve pain. In modern clinical applications, the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is an important use of Ligusticum chuanxiong.

Zhu Yao et al. reviewed the research progress in the pharmacological effects of Ligusticum chuanxiong in recent years and concluded that Ligusticum chuanxiong has the effects of protecting vascular endothelial cells, relaxing smooth muscle, and anti-atherosclerosis. Studies have found that the volatile oils of Ligusticum chuanxiong and Ligusticum chuanxiong and their active ingredients can resist the damage of vascular endothelial cells under harmful stimuli such as high sugar, inflammation and oxidation. Du Jingchang et al. cultured in a sugar-free medium containing Na2S2O4 for 12 hours to simulate the state of glucose and oxygen deprivation, and then cultured for 4 hours to simulate the state of reperfusion, and established human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) glucose and oxygen deprivation-reperfusion (OGD-R) ) Injury model. After OGD-R damages HUVECs, MDA content increases while SOD activity is inhibited. This indicates that OGD-R damage leads to cell peroxidation damage. Pre-administration of Ligusticum chuanxiong volatile oil can improve this trend, indicating that Ligusticum chuanxiong oil Volatile oil has a protective effect on vascular endothelial cells.

in conclusion

Cardiovascular diseases seriously affect the physical and mental health of patients. The pathogenesis is related to many aspects, the pathophysiological process is complicated, and the pathogenesis is not clear. Traditional methods mostly use drug thrombolytic therapy. However, these methods are not effective and are prone to complications such as cerebral hemorrhage, and these methods have certain limitations in different patients.

In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine derived from natural resources has received increasing attention and recognition for its fewer side effects, fewer complications, good safety, and remarkable curative effects. my country has rich resources of traditional Chinese medicine, convenient sources, high safety, and many unique features.

Original article: School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University
Liu Xinyan, Sun Jianxiang, Xu Qin

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